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Pentraxin-2 is a member of the pentraxin family of proteins, which includes C-reactive protein (CRP), pentraxin-2 and pentraxin-3.1–3 When initially discovered and characterized, pentraxin-2 was known as serum amyloid P (SAP) due to its isolation from amyloid deposits in humans; ...
Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by inflammation and/or fibrosis.1Â Pulmonary fibrosis develops due to repeated cycles of injury and impaired repair with fibroblast activation and migration with the resultant deposition of extracellular matrix ...
Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) are the dominant cause of the worsening and high mortality of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and are associated with higher healthcare costs as part of COPD management. AECOPD is characterized by ...
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare pulmonary syndrome with a prevalence of approximately seven cases per 1 million individuals.1,2 PAP affects people of all age, sex, race and socioeconomic status. Based on the largest population studies conducted in the United ...
There is a genuine interest on the part of researchers and the pharmaceutical industry in developing so-called ‘bifunctional’ drugs – that is, single molecules with two different primary pharmacological actions.1,2 In this context, single molecules that are capable of simultaneously inducing ...
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) frequently complicates rheumatoid arthritis (RA).1 Moreover, it is more common among those who are male, smoke or are seropositive and with increasing age.1 Emergent risk factors include gain-of-function promoter variants in the MUC5B gene and ...
Electronic nicotine delivery systems, colloquially referred to as e-cigarettes (ECs), or vaping products were introduced in the US market in 2007 as an alternative to cigarette smoking. They were marketed as a better alternative to nicotine replacement therapy for stopping cigarette ...
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are disorders with predominantly chronic inflammatory airway features. They are increasingly recognized as entities on a heterogeneous obstructive airway disease continuum with distinct phenotypes, various degrees of overlap, and the predominance of asthma ...
Coronavirus is a family of enveloped RNA viruses that include the original SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the recently emerged SARS-CoV-2. According to the World Health Organization, there have been over 500 million confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections, and well over 6 million deaths from ...
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are a class of antacid drugs that are available by prescription and over-the-counter to treat gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in patients with a number of comorbidities, including chronic respiratory diseases, such as asthma, pulmonary arterial hypertension, chronic ...
The COVID-19 pandemic has infected more than 61 million people and led to more than 1 million deaths worldwide.1Â The USA was one of the later countries to experience large scale community transmission; to date, there have been 13.2 million cases and approaching 300,000 ...
Smoking is a significant risk factor for severe COVID-19. A substantial amount of evidence supports the fact that tobacco use and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are among the strongest risk factors that lead to severe disease and high mortality ...
COVID-19 has become one of the greatest challenges in medical history, and the rapid development and approval of effective and safe treatments is essential to minimise the loss of lives during the pandemic. Given the urgency of finding effective strategies, ...
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the skin and other organs. It has a range of clinical manifestations, and the typical internal organs involved include the lungs, kidneys, heart, and gastrointestinal tract. Though ...
Q. What was previously known about the risks of e-cigarette use? E-cigarettes gained rapid popularity in the US after initial release in 2007. Although they were initially marketed towards smokers as a cessation aid, their use became swiftly prevalent with younger ...
Acute respiratory tract infections (RTIs) affect children and adults with chronic respiratory conditions throughout the world, and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality.1 Acute RTIs are one of the leading causes of mortality in both children and adults, with ...
Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer, accounting for 11.6% of all cases, and the leading cause of cancer death (18.4% of all cancer deaths).1 It is classified as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which accounts for 85–90% of all lung cancers, ...
Lung diseases are highly prevalent and their early diagnosis is essential for successful treatment. Noninvasive imaging techniques are an important component of the diagnostic process for lung diseases and can also provide important information in terms of prognosis, as well ...
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