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Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by inflammation and/or fibrosis.1 Pulmonary fibrosis develops due to repeated cycles of injury and impaired repair with fibroblast activation and migration with the resultant deposition of extracellular matrix components.2,3 This injury may be mediated by environmental, infectious or immune-mediated pathways. Over time, these pathways can become […]

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death.1 However, five-year survival in lung cancer varies greatly based on the stage of the disease at diagnosis.2 Early lung cancer diagnosis through screening with low-dose computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a 20% reduction in lung cancer mortality in current or former smokers with a history of 30 or more […]

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), previously known as immotile cilia syndrome, is a rare genetic disease characterized by abnormal ciliary function due to defects in the structure and/or function of motile cilia, leading to recurrent and chronic infections of the upper and lower airways as a result of impaired mucociliary clearance.1 PCD is predominantly inherited in […]

Despite huge strides in the fight against TB, the WHO’s Global Tuberculosis Report 2019 ranked Bangladesh sixth among the countries with the highest number of TB cases (4% of the global total), and seventh among the top 10 countries with the widest gap between notified and incident TB cases.1 Funding for TB programmes remains challenging and an obstacle […]

Dr Gozal is currently Chairman of Child Health at the University of Missouri School of Medicine and Pediatrician-in-Chief at Missouri Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Columbia, MO. He was previously the Herbert T Abelson Professor at the University of Chicago, and he also held the title of Pritzker Scholar. He received his MD from the Hebrew […]

Assessment of peripheral pulmonary nodules and mediastinal lymph nodes is critical in the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer, which is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide.1,2 Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) continues to evolve, allowing clinicians the ability to evaluate peripheral and central pulmonary lesions as well as various layers of bronchi. Current EBUS bronchoscopes […]