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Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by inflammation and/or fibrosis.1 Pulmonary fibrosis develops due to repeated cycles of injury and impaired repair with fibroblast activation and migration with the resultant deposition of extracellular matrix components.2,3 This injury may be mediated by environmental, infectious or immune-mediated pathways. Over time, these pathways can become […]

Lung cancer accounts for the highest cancer-related mortality and is the second most common cause of malignancy worldwide.1 Diagnosis at an early stage (ES) has a direct effect on management and survival rates. Overall, the 5-year survival rate from 2013 to 2019 in the US was 62.8% when the cancer was detected at stage I or […]

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare pulmonary syndrome with a prevalence of approximately seven cases per 1 million individuals.1,2 PAP affects people of all age, sex, race and socioeconomic status. Based on the largest population studies conducted in the United States and Japan, the median age for diagnosis in Japan is 51 years with a male:female […]

Welcome to the latest edition of touchREVIEWS in Respiratory & Pulmonary Diseases, which covers several hot topics in respiratory medicine, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), interstitial lung disease, bronchiectasis and the ever-present subject of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The articles and expert opinions in this journal reflect the progress and challenges in this active […]

Dr. Rakesh K. Chawla is Senior Consultant in Respiratory Medicine, Critical Care and Sleep Disorders at the Department of Respiratory Medicine at Jaipur Golden Hospital, the Saroj Super Specialty Hospital, Delhi and Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute, Delhi. He is Chairman of the Pulmonary Foundation, and a member of the Governing Council of both the Indian […]

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death.1 However, five-year survival in lung cancer varies greatly based on the stage of the disease at diagnosis.2 Early lung cancer diagnosis through screening with low-dose computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a 20% reduction in lung cancer mortality in current or former smokers with a history of 30 or more […]

Electronic nicotine delivery systems, colloquially referred to as e-cigarettes (ECs), or vaping products were introduced in the US market in 2007 as an alternative to cigarette smoking. They were marketed as a better alternative to nicotine replacement therapy for stopping cigarette smoking, as ECs are considered less harmful than tobacco cigarette smoking.1 These findings have been […]

With the advent of newer drugs targeting the biochemical pathways that lead to cough, it is increasingly important to understand the definition, pathogenesis and management of this symptom. Several specialist bodies also recognize the need for guidance in this area, and the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) and European Respiratory Society (ERS) have both […]

Q. What was previously known about the risks of e-cigarette use? E-cigarettes gained rapid popularity in the US after initial release in 2007. Although they were initially marketed towards smokers as a cessation aid, their use became swiftly prevalent with younger audiences including teenagers and young adults who had never previously smoked. In that timeline, […]